EU Emerald - ABC Family

[luleee 0]

So yall can invite me when ever lol

 

 

Invite to what????

Birthdayparty???

Groups.x???

Drama???

 

 

[JayThug 0]

Orgy

[Shitzo 37]

Jaygay

[alyanorno 0]

 

Invite to what????

Birthdayparty???

Groups.x???

Drama???

 

 

to replace kicked rogue lvl 18  :blush:

[Hourai 139]

 

to replace kicked rogue lvl 18  :blush:

 

"Kicked"

 

-im out-

-See you, take care

-from the guild lol

*leaves guild

 

No one kicked you from guild, you left alone due to your cray dramm with Carl and Xavi account sharing/using.

 

[crossfit 4]

"Kicked"

 

-im out-

-See you, take care

-from the guild lol

*leaves guild

No one kicked you from guild, you left alone due to your cray dramm with Carl and Xavi account sharing/using.

 

lol im the one out of game last days , week,  gf needs me...... xD only checked it few minutes

To ricardo,  was carlos who killed you he told  me about this drama but idk exactily , anyways  I dont give a shit if you want leave guild, good luck , bye.

[alyanorno 0]

"Kicked"

 

-im out-

-See you, take care

-from the guild lol

*leaves guild

 

No one kicked you from guild, you left alone due to your cray dramm with Carl and Xavi account sharing/using.

 

 

yeah. then rejoined and kicked.  :good:  and yes, its cool to have people who arent welcome in the guild killing me using catalonia ( with xavi's permission i might add).  cray indeed.

[alyanorno 0]

lol im the one out of game last days , week,  gf needs me...... xD only checked it few minutes

To ricardo,  was carlos who killed you he told  me about this drama but idk exactily , anyways  I dont give a shit if you want leave guild, good luck , bye.

 

 

ofc u dont give a shit. carlos told me how u told him he could kill me using ur chars  ;D  oh and how he was pretending to be you in guild chat yet nobody gave a duck. ofc i was mad and left. didnt say it was forever though.  the ones who made it permanent were the ones saying i left the guild for good  without even asking. and lexi, its cray to try n keep the guild safe from scammers (different ocasion) and people who try to divide us (and suceeded thanks to people not giving a duck) so yeah. i had grounds to leave that day since i was the one being jumped by a guild member that wasnt even the real owner and no one kicked him off the guild) im so cray. havent been anything but loyal to abc but i guess friendship and loyalty are often a one way street

[Hourai 139]

Take it easy mr.righteous

[alyanorno 0]

Take it easy mr.righteous

 

 

i will mrs freeloader

[Hourai 139]

Freeloader my ass

 

Lrn2rotate /reasonyougotkicked

 

Lrn2nobutthurt /srsly, mad from dying once twice? Log mc and cease ducking fire, your stubborness causes it

 

Lrn2cray /u no cray bro

[alyanorno 0]

Freeloader my ass

 

Lrn2rotate /reasonyougotkicked

 

Lrn2nobutthurt /srsly, mad from dying once twice? Log mc and cease ♥♥♥♥ing fire, your stubborness causes it

 

Lrn2cray /u no cray bro

 

 

freeloader yes.

 

 

quit talking like other people. rotate? thats why all ignore when i ask invite? some rotation. butthurt? nah, just wasted resources on a rogue i leveled especially to be helpfull to abc. back to elf. one way street friendship for one way street friendship rather be where most of my chars are.

[Pliskin 41]

:(

[Leo Acq 0]

wow

very drama

much

 

zzz cant be arsed

 

You are a dick for leaving for a reason like that zethu. Just ignore crossfit, you cant get along with everyone, and come back

[Shitzo 37]

wow

very drama

much

 

zzz cant be arsed

 

feel

[shyleen 6]

Orgy

 

merc and sulla loves dis  :good:  invite dem always

 

 

 

 

ABC will nver be ABC without drama on it  ;)

 

 

 

 

miss u all  :give_rose:

[Pliskin 41]

feel

 

 

[crossfit 4]

Yea carlos was using me and he can kill who wants always with a reason, he had one I tell him so you just die and dont come here crying or to tell to the people for kick me? Wtf are you talking serius ? Ahahahah 

And is something happened 2 week ago he cant play anymore again maybe at summer if I still here

 

Ricardo you can always try kill me or log mc if you want,  I dont care this drama lol  I let you but without me on it, time for breakfast, have fun.

 

pliskin :rofl:

 

[Ikafati 148]

feel

 

the pain

[alyanorno 0]

wow

very drama

much

 

zzz cant be arsed

 

You are a dick for leaving for a reason like that zethu. Just ignore crossfit, you cant get along with everyone, and come back

 

 

lol got no prob with crossfit. was just mad at that moment and left guild but never intended it to be for good. rejoined a few days later, got kicked, havent been reinvited since, asked jamie if ppl mad at me he said ppl saying i left the guild. well no one even talked to me, so ya, not one cares

[alyanorno 0]

Yea carlos was using me and he can kill who wants always with a reason, he had one I tell him so you just die and dont come here crying or to tell to the people for kick me? Wtf are you talking serius ? Ahahahah 

And is something happened 2 week ago he cant play anymore again maybe at summer if I still here

 

Ricardo you can always try kill me or log mc if you want,  I dont care this drama lol  I let you but without me on it, time for breakfast, have fun.

 

pliskin :rofl:

 

 

reason was i jumped the guy who was jumping me all week (Nero). and when spanish saying he is you in our guild chat think thats a reason to get ur char kicked no? or u let ur friends pretend they are you? cause where im from thats not friendship, thats disonesty.  but the issue isnt even that. its what happened after i left , everyone assuming i left for good and no one even coming to ask me. disapointing to say the least. enough said. im out.

[Hourai 139]

You didnt want to bring the issue in this topic when i told you back then, we would've discussed it here. But since you're so dumb, you kept it in guild chat because "its a guild issue not for every random duck to read", cunt. I was trying to help you out by bringing the thing on forum and you dropped it down worse than how skrillex drops the ducking bass.

 

Gl;hf

Cray

[Leo Acq 0]

 

lol got no prob with crossfit. was just mad at that moment and left guild but never intended it to be for good. rejoined a few days later, got kicked, havent been reinvited since, asked jamie if ppl mad at me he said ppl saying i left the guild. well no one even talked to me, so ya, not one cares

 

 

Well then Alex is right, you got kicked for rotating reasons, I dont deny that someone gets less than others but I'm sure it wasnt done in spite against you or anything. And who gets kicked for rotation have to ask to be reinvited, that's how it works for everybody.

 

And it's not weird that everyone thought you left for good since how you act usually. Nobody did anything particulary bad here, you are taking it the worst possible way

 

[rafa9876 149]

Guys, please.........

A facepalm (sometimes also face-palm or face palm) is the physical gesture of placing one's hand flat across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment,[1] shock, surprise or sarcasm.[2]

According to Macmillan Dictionary, the word "facepalm" first appeared around 2006,[1] though another source has an earliest citation of 2001.[3] The gesture itself is not of recent origin and, although common, is not culturally universal.[2] Images of stockbrokers facepalming have also been widely used in the media to convey the dismay associated with poor financial performance,[2][4] and a wide variety of regrettable film,[5] business,[6] and political[7][8] decisions have been described as facepalms or "facepalm moments". According to Oxford University Press lexicographer Susie Dent, this versatility is one of the reasons that the word has been linguistically "successful".[9]

This gesture is not unique to humans. A group of mandrills at the Colchester Zoo has adopted a similar gesture to signal the desire to avoid social interaction or to be left alone.A facepalm (sometimes also face-palm or face palm) is the physical gesture of placing one's hand flat across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment,[1] shock, surprise or sarcasm.[2]

According to Macmillan Dictionary, the word "facepalm" first appeared around 2006,[1] though another source has an earliest citation of 2001.[3] The gesture itself is not of recent origin and, although common, is not culturally universal.[2] Images of stockbrokers facepalming have also been widely used in the media to convey the dismay associated with poor financial performance,[2][4] and a wide variety of regrettable film,[5] business,[6] and political[7][8] decisions have been described as facepalms or "facepalm moments". According to Oxford University Press lexicographer Susie Dent, this versatility is one of the reasons that the word has been linguistically "successful".[9]

This gesture is not unique to humans. A group of mandrills at the Colchester Zoo has adopted a similar gesture to signal the desire to avoid social interaction or to be left alone.A facepalm (sometimes also face-palm or face palm) is the physical gesture of placing one's hand flat across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment,[1] shock, surprise or sarcasm.[2]

According to Macmillan Dictionary, the word "facepalm" first appeared around 2006,[1] though another source has an earliest citation of 2001.[3] The gesture itself is not of recent origin and, although common, is not culturally universal.[2] Images of stockbrokers facepalming have also been widely used in the media to convey the dismay associated with poor financial performance,[2][4] and a wide variety of regrettable film,[5] business,[6] and political[7][8] decisions have been described as facepalms or "facepalm moments". According to Oxford University Press lexicographer Susie Dent, this versatility is one of the reasons that the word has been linguistically "successful".[9]

This gesture is not unique to humans. A group of mandrills at the Colchester Zoo has adopted a similar gesture to signal the desire to avoid social interaction or to be left alone.A facepalm (sometimes also face-palm or face palm) is the physical gesture of placing one's hand flat across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment,[1] shock, surprise or sarcasm.[2]

According to Macmillan Dictionary, the word "facepalm" first appeared around 2006,[1] though another source has an earliest citation of 2001.[3] The gesture itself is not of recent origin and, although common, is not culturally universal.[2] Images of stockbrokers facepalming have also been widely used in the media to convey the dismay associated with poor financial performance,[2][4] and a wide variety of regrettable film,[5] business,[6] and political[7][8] decisions have been described as facepalms or "facepalm moment

This gesture is not unique to humans. A group of mandrills at the Colchester Zoo has adopted a similar gesture to signal the desire to avoid social interaction or to be left alone.A facepalm (sometimes also face-palm or face palm) is the physical gesture of placing one's hand flat across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment,[1] shock, surprise or sarcasm.[2]

According to Macmillan Dictionary, the word "facepalm" first appeared around 2006,[1] though another source has an earliest citation of 2001.[3] The gesture itself is not of recent origin and, although common, is not culturally universal.[2] Images of stockbrokers facepalming have also been widely used in the media to convey the dismay associated with poor financial performance,[2][4] and a wide variety of regrettable film,[5] business,[6] and political[7][8] decisions have been described as facepalms or "facepalm moments". According to Oxford University Press le

This gesture is not unique to humans. A group of mandrills at the Colchester Zoo has adopted a similar gesture to signal the desire to avoid social interaction or to be left alone.

There were several different types of guilds, including the two main categories of merchant guilds and craft guilds[3] but also the frith guild and religious guild.[4]

The continental system of guilds and merchants arrived in England after the Norman Conquest, with incorporated societies of merchants in each town or city holding exclusive rights of doing business there. In many cases they became the governing body of a town. For example, London's Guildhall became the seat of the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation, the world’s oldest continuously elected local government [5] whose members to this day must be Freemen of the City.[6] (The Freedom of the City , from the Middle Ages until 1835, meant the right to trade which was only bestowed upon members of a Guild or Livery)

Trade guilds arose in the 14th century as craftsmen united to protect their common interest.

The early egalitarian communities called "guilds" (for the gold deposited in their common funds) were denounced by Catholic clergy for their "conjurations"—the binding oaths sworn among artisans to support one another in adversity and back one another in feuds or in business ventures. The occasion for the drunken banquets at which these oaths were made was December 25, the pagan feast of Jul: Bishop Hincmar, in 858, sought vainly to Christianize them.[7]

In the Early Middle Ages, most of the Roman craft organizations, originally formed as religious confraternities, had disappeared, with the apparent exceptions of stonecutters and perhaps glassmakers, mostly the people that had local skills. Gregory of Tours tells a miraculous tale of a builder whose art and techniques suddenly left him, but were restored by an apparition of the Virgin Mary in a dream. Michel Rouche[8] remarks that the story speaks for the importance of practically transmitted journeymanship.

In France, guilds were called corps de métiers. According to Viktor Ivanovich Rutenburg, "Within the guild itself there was very little division of labour, which tended to operate rather between the guilds. Thus, according to Étienne Boileau's Book of Handicrafts, by the mid-13th century there were no less than 100 guilds in Paris, a figure which by the 14th century had risen to 350."[9] The most striking example of an elaborate classification according to craft is found in the metal-workers: the farriers, knife-makers, locksmiths, chain-forgers, nail-makers, often formed separate and distinct corporations; the armourers were divided into helmet-makers, escutcheon-makers, harness-makers, harness-polishers, etc.[10] In Catalan towns, specially at Barcelona, guilds or gremis were a basic agent in the society: a shoemakers' guild is recorded in 1202.

In England, specifically in the City of London Corporation, more than 100 guilds,[11] referred to as livery companies survive today, and the oldest have been in existence for over a thousand years[citation needed]. They continue to exist and several still play a role today.[12] Membership in a livery company is expected for individuals participating in the governance of The City, as the Lord Mayor and the Remembrancer. A recent guild is the Worshipful Company of Tax Advisers.

 

 

The Syndics of the Drapers' Guild by Rembrandt, 1662.

The guild system reached a mature state in Germany circa 1300 and held on in the German cities into the 19th century, with some special privileges for certain occupations remaining today. In the 15th century, Hamburg had 100 guilds, Cologne 80, and Lübeck 70.[13] The latest guilds to develop in Western Europe were the gremios of Spain: e.g., Valencia (1332) or Toledo (1426).

Not all city economies were controlled by guilds; some cities were "free". Where guilds were in control, they shaped labor, production and trade; they had strong controls over instructional capital, and the modern concepts of a lifetime progression of apprentice to craftsman, journeyman, and eventually to widely recognized master and grandmaster began to emerge. In order to become a Master, a Journeyman would have to go on a 3 year voyage called Journeyman years. The practice of the Journeyman years still exists in Germany.

As production became more specialized, trade guilds were divided and subdivided, eliciting the squabbles over jurisdiction that produced the paperwork by which economic historians trace their development: there were 101 trades in Paris by 1260,[14] and earlier in the century the metalworking guilds of Nuremberg were already divided among dozens of independent trades, in the boom economy of the 13th century. In Ghent as in Florence the woolen textile industry developed as a congeries of specialized guilds. The appearance of the European guilds was tied to the emergent money economy, and to urbanization. Before this time it was not possible to run a money-driven organization, as commodity money was the normal way of doing business.

 

 

 

 

A center of urban government: the Guildhall, London (engraving, ca 1805)

The guild was at the center of European handicraft organization into the 16th century. In France, a resurgence of the guilds in the second half of the 17th century is symptomatic of the monarchy's concerns to impose unity, control production and reap the benefits of transparent structure in the shape of more efficient taxation.[citation needed]

The guilds were identified with organizations enjoying certain privileges (letters patent), usually issued by the king or state and overseen by local town business authorities (some kind of chamber of commerce). These were the predecessors of the modern patent and trademark system. The guilds also maintained funds in order to support infirm or elderly members, as well as widows and orphans of guild members, funeral benefits, and a 'tramping' allowance for those needing to travel to find work. As the guild system of the City of London declined during the 17th century, the Livery Companies transformed into mutual assistance fraternities along such lines.

European guilds imposed long standardized periods of apprenticeship, and made it difficult for those lacking the capital to set up for themselves or without the approval of their peers to gain access to materials or knowledge, or to sell into certain markets, an area that equally dominated the guilds' concerns. These are defining characteristics of mercantilism in economics, which dominated most European thinking about political economy until the rise of classical economics.

The guild system survived the emergence of early capitalists, which began to divide guild members into "haves" and dependent "have-nots". The civil struggles that characterize the 14th-century towns and cities were struggles in part between the greater guilds and the lesser artisanal guilds, which depended on piecework. "In Florence, they were openly distinguished: the Arti maggiori and the Arti minori—already there was a popolo grasso and a popolo magro".[15] Fiercer struggles were those between essentially conservative guilds and the merchant class, which increasingly came to control the means of production and the capital that could be ventured in expansive schemes, often under the rules of guilds of their own. German social historians trace the Zunftrevolution, the urban revolution of guildmembers against a controlling urban patriciate, sometimes reading into them, however, perceived foretastes of the class struggles of the 19th century.

In the countryside, where guild rules did not operate, there was freedom for the entrepreneur with capital to organize cottage industry, a network of cottagers who spun and wove in their own premises on his account, provided with their raw materials, perhaps even their looms, by the capitalist who took a share of the profits. Such a dispersed system could not so easily be controlled where there was a vigorous local market for the raw materials: wool was easily available in sheep-rearing regions, whereas silk was not.There were several different types of guilds, including the two main categories of merchant guilds and craft guilds[3] but also the frith guild and religious guild.[4]

The continental system of guilds and merchants arrived in England after the Norman Conquest, with incorporated societies of merchants in each town or city holding exclusive rights of doing business there. In many cases they became the governing body of a town. For example, London's Guildhall became the seat of the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation, the world’s oldest continuously elected local government [5] whose members to this day must be Freemen of the City.[6] (The Freedom of the City , from the Middle Ages until 1835, meant the right to trade which was only bestowed upon members of a Guild or Livery)

Trade guilds arose in the 14th century as craftsmen united to protect their common interest.

The early egalitarian communities called "guilds" (for the gold deposited in their common funds) were denounced by Catholic clergy for their "conjurations"—the binding oaths sworn among artisans to support one another in adversity and back one another in feuds or in business ventures. The occasion for the drunken banquets at which these oaths were made was December 25, the pagan feast of Jul: Bishop Hincmar, in 858, sought vainly to Christianize them.[7]

In the Early Middle Ages, most of the Roman craft organizations, originally formed as religious confraternities, had disappeared, with the apparent exceptions of stonecutters and perhaps glassmakers, mostly the people that had local skills. Gregory of Tours tells a miraculous tale of a builder whose art and techniques suddenly left him, but were restored by an apparition of the Virgin Mary in a dream. Michel Rouche[8] remarks that the story speaks for the importance of practically transmitted journeymanship.

In France, guilds were called corps de métiers. According to Viktor Ivanovich Rutenburg, "Within the guild itself there was very little division of labour, which tended to operate rather between the guilds. Thus, according to Étienne Boileau's Book of Handicrafts, by the mid-13th century there were no less than 100 guilds in Paris, a figure which by the 14th century had risen to 350."[9] The most striking example of an elaborate classification according to craft is found in the metal-workers: the farriers, knife-makers, locksmiths, chain-forgers, nail-makers, often formed separate and distinct corporations; the armourers were divided into helmet-makers, escutcheon-makers, harness-makers, harness-polishers, etc.[10] In Catalan towns, specially at Barcelona, guilds or gremis were a basic agent in the society: a shoemakers' guild is recorded in 1202.

In England, specifically in the City of London Corporation, more than 100 guilds,[11] referred to as livery companies survive today, and the oldest have been in existence for over a thousand years[citation needed]. They continue to exist and several still play a role today.[12] Membership in a livery company is expected for individuals participating in the governance of The City, as the Lord Mayor and the Remembrancer. A recent guild is the Worshipful Company of Tax Advisers.

 

 

The Syndics of the Drapers' Guild by Rembrandt, 1662.

Tst guilds to develop in Western Europe were the gremios of Spain: e.g., Valencia (1332) or Toledo (1426).

N

 

A

T

Not all city economies were controlled by guilds; some cities were "free". Where guilds were in control, they shaped labor, production and trade; they had strong controls over instructional capital, and the modern concepts of a lifetime progression of apprentice to craftsman, journeyman, and eventually to widely recognized master and grandmaster began to emerge. In order to become a Master, a Journeyman would have to go on a 3 year voyage called Journeyman years. The practice of the Journeyman years still exists in Germany.

As production became more specialized, trade guilds were divided and subdivided, eliciting the squabbles over jurisdiction that produced the paperwork by

Th

In ty holding exclusive rights of doing business there. In many cases they became the governing body of a town. For example, London's Guildhall became the seat of the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation, the world’s oldest continuously elected local government [5] whose members to this day must be Freemen of the City.[6] (The Freedom of the City , from the Middle Ages until 1835, meant the right to trade which was only bestowed upon members of a Guild or Livery)

Trade guilds arose in the 14th century as craftsmen united to protect their common interest.

The early egal

[Shitzo 37]

Skrillex doesn't drop shit bro.

[blacknia 19]

 

Well then Alex is right, you got kicked for rotating reasons, I dont deny that someone gets less than others but I'm sure it wasnt done in spite against you or anything. And who gets kicked for rotation have to ask to be reinvited, that's how it works for everybody.

 

And it's not weird that everyone thought you left for good since how you act usually. Nobody did anything particulary bad here, you are taking it the worst possible way

 

[Pliskin 41]

 

 

[alyanorno 0]

 

Well then Alex is right, you got kicked for rotating reasons, I dont deny that someone gets less than others but I'm sure it wasnt done in spite against you or anything. And who gets kicked for rotation have to ask to be reinvited, that's how it works for everybody.

 

And it's not weird that everyone thought you left for good since how you act usually. Nobody did anything particulary bad here, you are taking it the worst possible way

 

 

i asked for invite to several diferent people, no one invited back. only 1 replyed, asking me "didnt u leave guild?" to which i replyed "no". no invite came.

[alyanorno 0]

You didnt want to bring the issue in this topic when i told you back then, we would've discussed it here. But since you're so dumb, you kept it in guild chat because "its a guild issue not for every random ♥♥♥♥ to read", ♥♥♥♥. I was trying to help you out by bringing the thing on forum and you dropped it down worse than how skrillex drops the ♥♥♥♥ing bass.

 

Gl;hf

Cray

 

 

dumb calling others dumb. hmm. there wasnt any reason to bring up anything here when the issue was happening in ur face. u me and spanish (while he on catalonia) talking in guild chat. he claiming to be xavi. u coompletely ignoring the fact that span isnt welcome at abc. i asked to kick that char while he on. u ignored. so i left. since i ppl dont even reply my pm's in game had to talk here.

 

 

get it freeloader? so dont come with "rotation" storys. if it was rotation why jamie telling me that i quit guild and no one reinviting?

 

 

u just poorly trying to justify that u dont want me in anymore but failing.

[sulla 127]

you want to leave the guild? or feel like nobody wants you there? not everybody has a vendetta versus you, pm if you want a inv, no problemo drama solved, if im not afk will kick prob jess, or some random dude and inv you, everything's cool.

[alyanorno 0]

you want to leave the guild? or feel like nobody wants you there? not everybody has a vendetta versus you, pm if you want a inv, no problemo drama solved, if im not afk will kick prob jess, or some random dude and inv you, everything's cool.

 

 

if u guys didnt want me out certainly seemed like it. i asked invite to several. only jamie replyed but no invite.

as for the whole span issue it was solved on the same day with spanish himself.

 

 

not feeling the love.

[Leo Acq 0]

Dude, stop bìtching.

[crossfit 4]

So drama solved , nice :snorlax: this is what I  doing this night

 

P.d:  sorry for broke your necks xD

 

 

 

[Hourai 139]

 

dumb calling others dumb. hmm. there wasnt any reason to bring up anything here when the issue was happening in ur face. u me and spanish (while he on catalonia) talking in guild chat. he claiming to be xavi. u coompletely ignoring the fact that span isnt welcome at abc. i asked to kick that char while he on. u ignored. so i left. since i ppl dont even reply my pm's in game had to talk here.

 

 

get it freeloader? so dont come with "rotation" storys. if it was rotation why jamie telling me that i quit guild and no one reinviting?

 

 

u just poorly trying to justify that u dont want me in anymore but failing.

 

I aint even trying

 

Though the last, if i really didnt want you, you'd be in my ignore and i'd continue ignoring your stupid posts here. Now you just make me think again why are you even not in there. Anyhow, next response coming in 10 hours, 'cuz sleep.

 

 

And

 

Guys, please.........

A facepalm (sometimes also face-palm or face palm) is the physical gesture of placing one's hand flat across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment,[1] shock, surprise or sarcasm.[2]

According to Macmillan Dictionary, the word "facepalm" first appeared around 2006,[1] though another source has an earliest citation of 2001.[3] The gesture itself is not of recent origin and, although common, is not culturally universal.[2] Images of stockbrokers facepalming have also been widely used in the media to convey the dismay associated with poor financial performance,[2][4] and a wide variety of regrettable film,[5] business,[6] and political[7][8] decisions have been described as facepalms or "facepalm moments". According to Oxford University Press lexicographer Susie Dent, this versatility is one of the reasons that the word has been linguistically "successful".[9]

This gesture is not unique to humans. A group of mandrills at the Colchester Zoo has adopted a similar gesture to signal the desire to avoid social interaction or to be left alone.A facepalm (sometimes also face-palm or face palm) is the physical gesture of placing one's hand flat across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment,[1] shock, surprise or sarcasm.[2]

According to Macmillan Dictionary, the word "facepalm" first appeared around 2006,[1] though another source has an earliest citation of 2001.[3] The gesture itself is not of recent origin and, although common, is not culturally universal.[2] Images of stockbrokers facepalming have also been widely used in the media to convey the dismay associated with poor financial performance,[2][4] and a wide variety of regrettable film,[5] business,[6] and political[7][8] decisions have been described as facepalms or "facepalm moments". According to Oxford University Press lexicographer Susie Dent, this versatility is one of the reasons that the word has been linguistically "successful".[9]

This gesture is not unique to humans. A group of mandrills at the Colchester Zoo has adopted a similar gesture to signal the desire to avoid social interaction or to be left alone.A facepalm (sometimes also face-palm or face palm) is the physical gesture of placing one's hand flat across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment,[1] shock, surprise or sarcasm.[2]

According to Macmillan Dictionary, the word "facepalm" first appeared around 2006,[1] though another source has an earliest citation of 2001.[3] The gesture itself is not of recent origin and, although common, is not culturally universal.[2] Images of stockbrokers facepalming have also been widely used in the media to convey the dismay associated with poor financial performance,[2][4] and a wide variety of regrettable film,[5] business,[6] and political[7][8] decisions have been described as facepalms or "facepalm moments". According to Oxford University Press lexicographer Susie Dent, this versatility is one of the reasons that the word has been linguistically "successful".[9]

This gesture is not unique to humans. A group of mandrills at the Colchester Zoo has adopted a similar gesture to signal the desire to avoid social interaction or to be left alone.A facepalm (sometimes also face-palm or face palm) is the physical gesture of placing one's hand flat across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment,[1] shock, surprise or sarcasm.[2]

According to Macmillan Dictionary, the word "facepalm" first appeared around 2006,[1] though another source has an earliest citation of 2001.[3] The gesture itself is not of recent origin and, although common, is not culturally universal.[2] Images of stockbrokers facepalming have also been widely used in the media to convey the dismay associated with poor financial performance,[2][4] and a wide variety of regrettable film,[5] business,[6] and political[7][8] decisions have been described as facepalms or "facepalm moment

This gesture is not unique to humans. A group of mandrills at the Colchester Zoo has adopted a similar gesture to signal the desire to avoid social interaction or to be left alone.A facepalm (sometimes also face-palm or face palm) is the physical gesture of placing one's hand flat across one's face or lowering one's face into one's hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment,[1] shock, surprise or sarcasm.[2]

According to Macmillan Dictionary, the word "facepalm" first appeared around 2006,[1] though another source has an earliest citation of 2001.[3] The gesture itself is not of recent origin and, although common, is not culturally universal.[2] Images of stockbrokers facepalming have also been widely used in the media to convey the dismay associated with poor financial performance,[2][4] and a wide variety of regrettable film,[5] business,[6] and political[7][8] decisions have been described as facepalms or "facepalm moments". According to Oxford University Press le

This gesture is not unique to humans. A group of mandrills at the Colchester Zoo has adopted a similar gesture to signal the desire to avoid social interaction or to be left alone.

There were several different types of guilds, including the two main categories of merchant guilds and craft guilds[3] but also the frith guild and religious guild.[4]

The continental system of guilds and merchants arrived in England after the Norman Conquest, with incorporated societies of merchants in each town or city holding exclusive rights of doing business there. In many cases they became the governing body of a town. For example, London's Guildhall became the seat of the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation, the world’s oldest continuously elected local government [5] whose members to this day must be Freemen of the City.[6] (The Freedom of the City , from the Middle Ages until 1835, meant the right to trade which was only bestowed upon members of a Guild or Livery)

Trade guilds arose in the 14th century as craftsmen united to protect their common interest.

The early egalitarian communities called "guilds" (for the gold deposited in their common funds) were denounced by Catholic clergy for their "conjurations"—the binding oaths sworn among artisans to support one another in adversity and back one another in feuds or in business ventures. The occasion for the drunken banquets at which these oaths were made was December 25, the pagan feast of Jul: Bishop Hincmar, in 858, sought vainly to Christianize them.[7]

In the Early Middle Ages, most of the Roman craft organizations, originally formed as religious confraternities, had disappeared, with the apparent exceptions of stonecutters and perhaps glassmakers, mostly the people that had local skills. Gregory of Tours tells a miraculous tale of a builder whose art and techniques suddenly left him, but were restored by an apparition of the Virgin Mary in a dream. Michel Rouche[8] remarks that the story speaks for the importance of practically transmitted journeymanship.

In France, guilds were called corps de métiers. According to Viktor Ivanovich Rutenburg, "Within the guild itself there was very little division of labour, which tended to operate rather between the guilds. Thus, according to Étienne Boileau's Book of Handicrafts, by the mid-13th century there were no less than 100 guilds in Paris, a figure which by the 14th century had risen to 350."[9] The most striking example of an elaborate classification according to craft is found in the metal-workers: the farriers, knife-makers, locksmiths, chain-forgers, nail-makers, often formed separate and distinct corporations; the armourers were divided into helmet-makers, escutcheon-makers, harness-makers, harness-polishers, etc.[10] In Catalan towns, specially at Barcelona, guilds or gremis were a basic agent in the society: a shoemakers' guild is recorded in 1202.

In England, specifically in the City of London Corporation, more than 100 guilds,[11] referred to as livery companies survive today, and the oldest have been in existence for over a thousand years[citation needed]. They continue to exist and several still play a role today.[12] Membership in a livery company is expected for individuals participating in the governance of The City, as the Lord Mayor and the Remembrancer. A recent guild is the Worshipful Company of Tax Advisers.

 

 

The Syndics of the Drapers' Guild by Rembrandt, 1662.

The guild system reached a mature state in Germany circa 1300 and held on in the German cities into the 19th century, with some special privileges for certain occupations remaining today. In the 15th century, Hamburg had 100 guilds, Cologne 80, and Lübeck 70.[13] The latest guilds to develop in Western Europe were the gremios of Spain: e.g., Valencia (1332) or Toledo (1426).

Not all city economies were controlled by guilds; some cities were "free". Where guilds were in control, they shaped labor, production and trade; they had strong controls over instructional capital, and the modern concepts of a lifetime progression of apprentice to craftsman, journeyman, and eventually to widely recognized master and grandmaster began to emerge. In order to become a Master, a Journeyman would have to go on a 3 year voyage called Journeyman years. The practice of the Journeyman years still exists in Germany.

As production became more specialized, trade guilds were divided and subdivided, eliciting the squabbles over jurisdiction that produced the paperwork by which economic historians trace their development: there were 101 trades in Paris by 1260,[14] and earlier in the century the metalworking guilds of Nuremberg were already divided among dozens of independent trades, in the boom economy of the 13th century. In Ghent as in Florence the woolen textile industry developed as a congeries of specialized guilds. The appearance of the European guilds was tied to the emergent money economy, and to urbanization. Before this time it was not possible to run a money-driven organization, as commodity money was the normal way of doing business.

 

 

 

 

A center of urban government: the Guildhall, London (engraving, ca 1805)

The guild was at the center of European handicraft organization into the 16th century. In France, a resurgence of the guilds in the second half of the 17th century is symptomatic of the monarchy's concerns to impose unity, control production and reap the benefits of transparent structure in the shape of more efficient taxation.[citation needed]

The guilds were identified with organizations enjoying certain privileges (letters patent), usually issued by the king or state and overseen by local town business authorities (some kind of chamber of commerce). These were the predecessors of the modern patent and trademark system. The guilds also maintained funds in order to support infirm or elderly members, as well as widows and orphans of guild members, funeral benefits, and a 'tramping' allowance for those needing to travel to find work. As the guild system of the City of London declined during the 17th century, the Livery Companies transformed into mutual assistance fraternities along such lines.

European guilds imposed long standardized periods of apprenticeship, and made it difficult for those lacking the capital to set up for themselves or without the approval of their peers to gain access to materials or knowledge, or to sell into certain markets, an area that equally dominated the guilds' concerns. These are defining characteristics of mercantilism in economics, which dominated most European thinking about political economy until the rise of classical economics.

The guild system survived the emergence of early capitalists, which began to divide guild members into "haves" and dependent "have-nots". The civil struggles that characterize the 14th-century towns and cities were struggles in part between the greater guilds and the lesser artisanal guilds, which depended on piecework. "In Florence, they were openly distinguished: the Arti maggiori and the Arti minori—already there was a popolo grasso and a popolo magro".[15] Fiercer struggles were those between essentially conservative guilds and the merchant class, which increasingly came to control the means of production and the capital that could be ventured in expansive schemes, often under the rules of guilds of their own. German social historians trace the Zunftrevolution, the urban revolution of guildmembers against a controlling urban patriciate, sometimes reading into them, however, perceived foretastes of the class struggles of the 19th century.

In the countryside, where guild rules did not operate, there was freedom for the entrepreneur with capital to organize cottage industry, a network of cottagers who spun and wove in their own premises on his account, provided with their raw materials, perhaps even their looms, by the capitalist who took a share of the profits. Such a dispersed system could not so easily be controlled where there was a vigorous local market for the raw materials: wool was easily available in sheep-rearing regions, whereas silk was not.There were several different types of guilds, including the two main categories of merchant guilds and craft guilds[3] but also the frith guild and religious guild.[4]

The continental system of guilds and merchants arrived in England after the Norman Conquest, with incorporated societies of merchants in each town or city holding exclusive rights of doing business there. In many cases they became the governing body of a town. For example, London's Guildhall became the seat of the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation, the world’s oldest continuously elected local government [5] whose members to this day must be Freemen of the City.[6] (The Freedom of the City , from the Middle Ages until 1835, meant the right to trade which was only bestowed upon members of a Guild or Livery)

Trade guilds arose in the 14th century as craftsmen united to protect their common interest.

The early egalitarian communities called "guilds" (for the gold deposited in their common funds) were denounced by Catholic clergy for their "conjurations"—the binding oaths sworn among artisans to support one another in adversity and back one another in feuds or in business ventures. The occasion for the drunken banquets at which these oaths were made was December 25, the pagan feast of Jul: Bishop Hincmar, in 858, sought vainly to Christianize them.[7]

In the Early Middle Ages, most of the Roman craft organizations, originally formed as religious confraternities, had disappeared, with the apparent exceptions of stonecutters and perhaps glassmakers, mostly the people that had local skills. Gregory of Tours tells a miraculous tale of a builder whose art and techniques suddenly left him, but were restored by an apparition of the Virgin Mary in a dream. Michel Rouche[8] remarks that the story speaks for the importance of practically transmitted journeymanship.

In France, guilds were called corps de métiers. According to Viktor Ivanovich Rutenburg, "Within the guild itself there was very little division of labour, which tended to operate rather between the guilds. Thus, according to Étienne Boileau's Book of Handicrafts, by the mid-13th century there were no less than 100 guilds in Paris, a figure which by the 14th century had risen to 350."[9] The most striking example of an elaborate classification according to craft is found in the metal-workers: the farriers, knife-makers, locksmiths, chain-forgers, nail-makers, often formed separate and distinct corporations; the armourers were divided into helmet-makers, escutcheon-makers, harness-makers, harness-polishers, etc.[10] In Catalan towns, specially at Barcelona, guilds or gremis were a basic agent in the society: a shoemakers' guild is recorded in 1202.

In England, specifically in the City of London Corporation, more than 100 guilds,[11] referred to as livery companies survive today, and the oldest have been in existence for over a thousand years[citation needed]. They continue to exist and several still play a role today.[12] Membership in a livery company is expected for individuals participating in the governance of The City, as the Lord Mayor and the Remembrancer. A recent guild is the Worshipful Company of Tax Advisers.

 

 

The Syndics of the Drapers' Guild by Rembrandt, 1662.

Tst guilds to develop in Western Europe were the gremios of Spain: e.g., Valencia (1332) or Toledo (1426).

N

 

A

T

Not all city economies were controlled by guilds; some cities were "free". Where guilds were in control, they shaped labor, production and trade; they had strong controls over instructional capital, and the modern concepts of a lifetime progression of apprentice to craftsman, journeyman, and eventually to widely recognized master and grandmaster began to emerge. In order to become a Master, a Journeyman would have to go on a 3 year voyage called Journeyman years. The practice of the Journeyman years still exists in Germany.

As production became more specialized, trade guilds were divided and subdivided, eliciting the squabbles over jurisdiction that produced the paperwork by

Th

In ty holding exclusive rights of doing business there. In many cases they became the governing body of a town. For example, London's Guildhall became the seat of the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation, the world’s oldest continuously elected local government [5] whose members to this day must be Freemen of the City.[6] (The Freedom of the City , from the Middle Ages until 1835, meant the right to trade which was only bestowed upon members of a Guild or Livery)

Trade guilds arose in the 14th century as craftsmen united to protect their common interest.

The early egal

 

This man. Give him a cookie.

 

 

[Leo Acq 0]

So drama solved , nice :snorlax: this is what I  doing this night

 

P.d:  sorry for broke your necks xD

 

 

You became uglier  :(

[alyanorno 0]

:snorlax:

[Shitzo 37]

 

You became uglier  :(

 

Heartbroken Leo 3

 

:snorlax:

 

Soy sauce sucks brah

no rly

[Darkzain 0]

Heartbroken Leo 3

Soy sauce sucks brah

no rly

 

arnt u chinese? Dont u put that shit on noodles xd

[alyanorno 0]

 

Soy sauce sucks brah

no rly

 

 

exactly. thank you for ignoring my pm's again. dw Strain is no more. deleted all mc chars

[Hourai 139]

Aw why